A root canal is a treatment that removes the damaged or infected pulp, the soft tissue holding a tooth's nerve and blood vessels, from inside the tooth. The empty canals are then cleaned, disinfected and sealed. It's usually done to keep a tooth that would otherwise be lost, and it helps people with deep decay, a cracked tooth or a toothache that throbs at night.
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It usually starts with a tooth that makes itself known. A dull ache after hot tea, then a throb at 2 AM that paracetamol only dents. By then a cavity or a crack has generally let bacteria through the hard outer layers and into the pulp. Once they're in, the tooth can't clear them on its own, because the pulp sits in a closed space with nowhere to swell. That pressure is the pain. Root canal treatment goes in through the top of the tooth and cleans the narrow channels running down each root.
People often arrive asking whether it would be simpler to take the tooth out. Sometimes that's the right call, and our page on tooth extraction explains when. But a pulled tooth leaves a gap that usually needs filling with an implant or a bridge, so where a tooth can be restored, saving it is generally worth trying first. Dr. Mahesh looks at the X-ray, tests the tooth and tells you plainly which way it points. Either way, you're given the reasons and left to decide at your own pace.
Afterwards the tooth is still yours, but it has lost its inner tissue and often a good deal of its structure to decay. That's why a crown is commonly advised, especially on molars, which take the hardest bite. A front tooth with plenty of structure left is sometimes managed with a filling instead. Your dentist decides tooth by tooth, and you'll hear the reason. Until then, a temporary filling is only a stopgap, so the follow-up visit shouldn't be left for later.
Dr. Mahesh asks about the pain, then tests the tooth by tapping, using cold, and pressing on the gum around it. An X-ray shows the roots and any shadow at the tip that suggests infection. Not every sore tooth needs a root canal, and early inflammation sometimes settles with a filling, so you hear the reasoning before agreeing to anything.
The tooth and the gum around it are numbed, and the dentist waits until the area is properly dead to touch before starting. If you feel a sharp twinge at any point, raise your hand and more anaesthetic can be given. An infected tooth sometimes numbs more slowly, so a little patience at this stage is worth it. Tell us if it isn't.
A small opening is made through the top of the tooth to reach the pulp. The infected tissue is taken out, and each canal is cleaned and rinsed with a disinfecting solution, using fine files that reach down each narrow channel. Molars have more canals than front teeth, which is why they take longer. This stage is where most of the time goes.
If the tooth has calmed down, the canals can be filled and sealed in the same visit. If there's swelling or active infection, a medicated dressing goes in and the sealing waits for a later visit. A temporary filling protects the opening in between, so don't chew on that side. Dr. Mahesh tells you which route fits once he has seen the tooth that day.
Once the canals are sealed, the opening is closed with a filling. Then comes the decision about a crown or a strong filling, based on how much natural tooth is left; a back tooth with big old fillings usually points to a crown. Putting this off is how a well-treated tooth ends up cracked, so book it when advised.
This can work when there's no swelling or active infection and the tooth is straightforward to reach. It saves a trip, but a tooth that needs two visits will be given two, because rushing a root canal isn't worth the risk.
A dressing between visits settles infection, and teeth with several or curved canals simply take more time. You'll be told the likely number of visits after the X-ray, and any change to the plan is explained as it happens.
A tooth that had a root canal earlier and has started to ache, or has a swelling at the root, can sometimes be reopened, cleaned again and resealed. An X-ray shows whether that's likely to help, and Dr. Mahesh will be honest if it isn't.
Some infected milk teeth are treated rather than removed, so the space is held for the adult tooth. Whether that's sensible depends on the tooth and the child's age and cooperation, as described on our children's dentistry page.
A root canal is the painful part of dentistry.
FactFact: The painful part is usually the infection that came first. Treatment is done with the tooth numbed, and many people find the throbbing eases within a day or two, though the tooth can feel tender for several days afterwards.
A root canal leaves you with a dead tooth that's no use.
FactFact: The tooth loses its nerve, but it stays anchored in the jaw by the ligament and bone around the root, and it keeps doing its job in chewing. It won't register hot and cold as it did, which is the point, since that sensitivity was the problem.
Root canals make you ill.
FactFact: There's no good evidence that a properly done root canal causes illness elsewhere in the body. The idea comes from old theories that haven't held up. If a medical condition is making you anxious about it, ask Dr. Mahesh to talk it through before you decide.
Toothache doesn't keep to a timetable, so the quickest way to be seen is to call or message and say it's pain. The Goregaon West clinic is on Navjyoti Society Road, off Mahatma Gandhi Road in Unnat Nagar 2, open Monday to Saturday from 10 AM to 4 PM, and it's easy to reach from Jogeshwari and Bangur Nagar. Walk-ins are welcome, though booking first avoids the wait. Patients have rated the clinic 5.0 on Google across 124 reviews.
Malad East is the evening option: Sunshine Co-op Housing Society, Subhash Lane, off B. L. Murarka Marg in Shivaji Nagar, Monday to Saturday from 6 to 9 PM. A root canal that needs more than one visit is easier to fit around a working day when the follow-up is after office hours, and Kandivali is close by. Whichever clinic you choose, bring any earlier X-rays of the tooth, the names of painkillers or antibiotics you've already taken, and your regular medicine list.
8/60, Navjyoti Society Rd, off Mahatma Gandhi Road, Unnat Nagar 2, Goregaon West, Mumbai 400104
Mon–Sat · 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM
Get directions →Shop No. A/4, Sunshine Co-operative Housing Society, Subhash Lane, Shri. B. L. Murarka Marg, Shivaji Nagar, Malad East, Mumbai 400097
Mon–Sat · 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM
Get directions →Caps for cracked or root-treated teeth, and bridges to close a gap.
Read more →When a tooth can't be saved or a wisdom tooth keeps flaring up, here is how removal and recovery go.
Read more →Replace a lost tooth, root and all, with a post placed by a certified implantologist.
Read more →Call or WhatsApp to be seen at Goregaon West in the daytime or Malad East in the evening. Walk-ins are welcome, but booking first cuts the wait.